Type-writing machine.



No. 7l5,943. Pa'fentedA Dec. I6, |902.

W. J. BARRUN.

lTYPE WRITING mAcHmE.

(Application filed Oct. 28, 1897.)

` ATTORNEY 'me Norms PETERS w. PHOTO-uma.. wAsHmaTnN, u c

No. 7|5,943. Y Y Patented Deo. I6. |902.

w. J. BARRO". a I

y TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application led Oct. 28, 1897.)

(No Model.)

2 Sheets- Shut 2.

mvENToR ATTORNEY UNITED STATES 4'PJATlnvT OFFICE.

WALTER J. BARRON, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO WYOKOFF, SEAMANS &BENEDIOT, OF ILION, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 715,943, dated December16, 1902.

Application filed October 28,1897. Serial No. 656,720. (No morleLi To@ZZ who-m, t may concern: 4

l Be it known that I, WALTER J. BARRON, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State 5 of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-WritingMachines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates, primarily, to the Io mounting of the platen-scale,and, secondarily, to a locking device for holding the platencarriagefrom shifting when turned up.

The main Object of the first part of my invention is to provide aconstruction by which I5 the platen-scale of an under-strike machine maymove automatically to the line of print as the platen is raised andswung rearwardly and may also move automatically from the line of printas the platen is moved forwardly 2o and lowered for the renewal of thewriting.

So far as this part of the invention is concerned, however, it is notessential that the platen be swung downwardly to receive thetype-impressions, and hence the general improvements are applicable aswell to front strike and other visible-writing machines. yTheimprovements embrace novel features of invention which may beusedwhether or not the scale moves automatically and whether 3o or not theindependent movement of the scale is eiected by manipulation of theplatenframe. In any' case the desired movements of the scale take placewhile the last line of writing or the printing-line is in full view ofthe operator and accessible for purposes of alinement of the paper orerasure of errors.

My improvements consist in the various features of construction andcombinations of devices hereinafter more fully described, 4o andparticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

' In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a front elevation of aportion of a type-writing machine embodying my improvements and showingthe platen-carrier tu rned up and back beyond an upright position forinspection and correction ,of the work. Fig. 2 is a View of thecarriage, &c., from beneath and when 'the'platen-f'r'ame is down inworking This view also indicates the rela- "tion of the platen-scale.when the platen-frame is swung up to about a vertical position, butbefore it is moved so far rearwardly as is indicated at Figs. l and 3.Fig. A3 is a side elevation of the machine, showing the platen-carriagein the condition represented at Fig. l. Fig. Lis a similar view, butshowing the platen-frame swung upwardly to exhibit the line of writing.Fig. 5 is an enlarged side elevation, partlyin section, showing moreparticularly the platen-frame-locking device. Fig. 6 is a similar viewthereof, but showing the platen-frame at the limit of its upward andrearward swinging movement and the locking device as in action; and Fig.7 is a plan View of the same as shown at Fig. 5.

In the various views the same parts will be found designated by the samenumerals of reference.

I have shown my improvements carried out in that type of machine knownas the Remington No. 6; but it will be understood, of

course, that they may be embodied in the Densmore and other styles ormakes of machines.

l designates the main carriage or truck, and 2 the guide-rail upon which.the truckrollers 3 travel. This main carriage or truck, as heretofore,is so held down upon its guiderail as that it has only a rectilinearmovement.

4 represents the platen carriage or frame, which is pivotally connectedto the main carriage l, so that it may not only travel longitudinallywith said carriage, but it may also be turned up and down independentlyof said carriage for inspection and correction of the work. For thispurpose, as heretofore, a rock-A shaft 5 is mounted at its ends in theends of the main carriage, and at near each end of said rock-shaft is arocker-arm 6, which projects upwardly. To thev free ends of saidrocker-arms is pivotally connected the rear side of the platen carrieror frame. The rear end of each side or end bar 7 is forkedor'bifurcated, as at 8, to embrace one of said rocker-arms, and throughperforations in the branches of said fork and said rocker-arm is passeda pivot-pin 9, which is preferably prolonged, s o as to extend outbetween two screwstops 10 10, set horizontally in lugs at the end IOO ofthe main carriage. Thus the platen-carrier is hinged or pivoted orpivotally connected to the main carriage, so that it is capable of beingfreely swung up and down independently of said carriage. The back bar 11of the platen-carrier may be made integral with the side bars 7 thereof,as may also the front carriage-bar 12, which may bear centrally of itslength a wheel or roller 13 to travel over the usual shift-rail. (Notshown.)

14 designates a cylindrical platen or roller the shaft or axle of whichis mounted in suitable bearings in the side bars of the platencarrier,and on the under side of said platen when it is turned down in workingposition is arranged a scale-bar 15, marked and graduated in the usualmanner, but mounted and operated in a novel way. At each end of theplaten-scale is attached an arm 16, which is slotted at 17 and supportedand guided by a screw 18, projecting from a rod 19, which extendslongitudinally of the platen-frame and is supported at its ends byscrews in the side bars thereof. At near each end or" the scalebar isalso attached one end of a coil-spring 20, the opposite end of which isattached to the said rod 19. Said springs tend normally to draw thescale toward said rod or circumferentially of the platen, and the scaleis forced away from said rod substantially circumferentially of theplaten or in the opposite direction by means of cams or curvedprojections 21, which act upon the free ends of the slotted arms 16.These cams or curved projections are preferably formed integral with thedevices which operate to lock the platen when in its upturned position.Each said device consists of a horizontal plate-like portion 22, a lug23, which is pivoted upon the platen-carrier hinge-pin 9, a verticalplate-like portion 24, which acts as a stop to the turning-up andswingingback movements of the platen-carrier, as sllown at Fig. 6, andthe cam or curved projection 21, and which, like the part 24, is alsoarranged in a vertical plane. The plate 22 is slotted at 25 to enable itto shift back and forth transversely of the main carriage and is guidedthereat by means ofa screw 26, projecting upwardly from said carriage.The said plate is also provided with two holes or depressions 27 28,arranged in the same line transversely of the carriage and adapted eachto a fixed pin 29, projecting upwardly from the main carriage. Ou thesaid cross-rod 19 is supported, by means of suitable clips or brackets30, the slightlycurved paper guide or deector 31, which is a plate-likedevice extending substantially the length of the platen and formed withopenings 32 for the accommodation of the several sections of thefeed-roller 33, which presses against the platen or the paper thereon.The feed-roller shaft 34 is mounted at its ends in spring-pressedhangers or brackets 35, mounted on the back bar 11 of theplaten-carrier, al1 in the usual way. The paper in feeding toward theprinting-point passes between the scale 15 and the platen; Theplaten-scale should be arranged as close as possible to the printingpoint or line. Generally in a single-type machine the edge of the scaleis set back of the printing-point a slight distance in excess of theheight of a type-space, and in a double-type machinethat is, two typeson a bar-the scale is set back a distance slightly in excessA of thatbetween the outside extremities of the two types. This makes itdifficult or inconvenient to make corrections. When a sheet is insertedfor correction, the printed line is drawn down to the line of the scaleedge for truing the paper, and then the platen is rotated a distance ofone or two line-spaces, according as the machine is of the single-typeor of the double-type description, to bring the line of print intoregister with the impressionpoint when the platen is turned down inworking position. One object of this invention is to avoid this troubleand operation, and to that end the scale, which in the present machinemust stand back two type-spaces from the impression-plane, is so mountedthat when the platen is turned up and back the scale is automaticallyshifted circumferentially or widthwise, so that its edge registerssubstantially with the impression-point, and hence the operator has onlyto shift or move the paper to bring the line to be corrected or the dateor other line to be printed on into register with the edge of the scale.Then after observing the point at which the correction is to be made orthe plane at which the printing is to be done the platen is turnedforwardly and down and the carriage is moved so that the front scale 36registers with the frame pointer or index at the desired point. When theplaten is turned down, the line to be corrected comes into register withthe printing-plane, and duringl the turning down of the platen the scaleautomatically returns to an out-of-the-way position two type-spaces olffrom the line to be corrected. It will be seen that this saves thetrouble heretofore experienced with the relatively-fixed or irnmovablescale of first registering the line to be corrected with the scale andthen after such registering feeding the paper away from the scale to theproper extent, so that the line will register with the printing-point.In other words, with this contrivauce the scale is automatically movedto that part of the platen which when in working position lies in or isbrought to the printing-plane, and the paper may be adjusted at once tothe proper position and without any subsequent adjustment of the platenand paper to bring the line to be corrected into the impression plane.

It will be understood from the drawings that when the platen is turnedup the ends of the arms 16 are brought into contact with and rideagainst the cams 21 and are by said cams forced or moved endwise, thusmoving the scale circumferentially of the platen against IOO IIO

the tension of the springs 20, and thus bringing the edge of the scaleforward to register with that portion of the platen which when turneddown into working position again will register with theimpression-point. The edge of the scale having been in this mannershifted or moved to the impression-point the paper may be nowmanipulated so as to bring the line of print which is to be operatedupon directly into alinement with the edge of ther scale, and when thisoperation has been performed the platen may be turned down toits workingposition without independent rotative manipulation, as heretofore, andwhen brought down to such position said line of print will register atonce with the impression plane, and the work of type-writing may beresumed instantly. In said turning-down movement of the platen toWorking position the scale is automatically moved away from the adjustedline of print, so as to be ont of the way of the types, by reason of thefact that the ends of the arms 16 move out of operative relation withthe said cams and leave the springs 20 free to act upon the scale andreturn it to its first position. The forward free edge of the guide ordeector 3l termi-l nates back of the printing-pointfar enough to be outof the way of the types, and normally, or when the platen is down inWorking position, the edge of the scale substantially coincides with thesaid free edge of the deector; but when the platen is turned up and thescale automatically advances to the irnpression-point it consequentlymoves away from the fixed deiiector, and a two-type space, more or less,is created between the edge of the scale and the edge of the detlector.By reason of the space or opening thus formed it has been found inpractice that if the paper be inserted while the platen is in itsupturned position there is a liability of the paper passing into saidspace or in between the deliector and the scale and stopping andbecoming wrinkled and creased. To avoid this diculty, I have providedthe scale with a depending ledge or apron 37, which is of such a widthas always to overlap the said deflector, and thus close the gap or spacebetween said deiiector and said scale andact as a guide to properlydirect the leading edge of the inserted paper forward under the edge ofthe scale. While I have shown this ledge or apron 37 as extending fornearly the full length of the scale, I have also found in practice vthatthe end portions onlyof said ledge or apron are needed to perform thisservice,

'excepting for Very narrow sheets, and thereplaten to keep it away fromthe paper the proper distance by means of ad justing-screws 38, set inthreaded holes in the arms 16, so that the points of said screws maybear on or against the surface of the deector. By turning said screws inor out the edge of the scale may be adjusted to the desired distancefrom the surface of the platen. As the springs operate to start theretraction of the scale immediately the turning-down movement of theplatencarrier is commenced, the said scale may in consequence be used asa ruler for under'scoring purposes, it being only necessary to swing theplaten-carrier forward slightly to cause the scale to recede a shortdistance below the line of print, and when the proper distance has beenreached a pen, pencil, or the like may be run along in contact with theedge of the scale to produce the desired underscoring.

The lower portions of the working faces of the cams2l are so shaped asto permit a prompt retraction of the scale l5 from the printingline bythe springs 20, or, in other words, a slight forward swinging movementof the platen-frame will cause a movement of the scale from the positionindicated at Fig. l to thatindicated at Fig. 2, so that while the linebeing written or the printing-line is still in front of the platen, andhence in view of the operator and accessible for underscoring orerasures, the scale is moved downwardly away from said printing-line,either a slight distance to permit the use of the scale as a ruler formarking underscore-lines upon the paper, or a greater distance, so thaterasures may be freely made without contact of the erasing rubber orknife with the scale, which is an advantage of considerable importance.When the platen is swung up and back to the limit, as at Figs. l and 3,theA paper is inserted and the line or portion to be printed on isbrought into register with the scale, and then the platen is lowered andthe writing begun, the ty pe-im pressions falling upon the line withwhich the scale registered at Fig. l. When making corrections, the paperis insertedand adjusted in the same way, and then the platen-frame isswung forwardly a little until the scale is retracted or moveddownwardly away from the printing-line to substantially the positionshown at Fig. 2, so that while the platen-carrier is Ain thisintermediate position and the writing is in full view and theprinting-line is accessible ,the scale is far enough away from'theprintingline to permit erasures to be made ,convenswung rearwardly againto permit compari'- IOO IIO

son of the printing-line with the scale to make sure that the paper hasnot been moved by the erasing-rubber, and then the platen may be swungdownwardly and the type-keys operated. Inasmuch as a slight forwardmotion of the platen-frame is sucient to move the scale to the relativeposition indicated at Fig. 2, it is apparent that no further retractionof the scale occurs or needs to occur during the completion of theforward and downward movement of the platen, since said scale is alreadyfar enough away from the printingline to clear the path of the types. Onthe other hand, the greater part of the turningnp movement of the platenoccurs with little if any independent movement of the scale 15; but inthe last portion of the platen movement or when said platen is movingrearwardly practically in a horizontal line the ends of the arms 16 maybe operated upon by the relatively Xed cams and the scale quickly movedinto register with the printing-line. Viewed in one way, therefore, themovementof the platen-frame may be divided into two portions, oneportion consisting in a movement upwardly from working position toexhibit the line of writing and the other portion consisting in asubsequent rearward movement to effect a movement of the scale intoregister with the line of writing. It will be observed that the scaleremains close to the platen during its independent movements, butpreferably not in contact With the platen. The scale may be held pressedtoward the platen by means of the usual spring-guides 39 or by othersuitable means.

I have shown in the drawings various devices usually employed on 'or inconnection with the Remington No. 6 machine, but which need not bedescribed, since they do not form a part of my improvements.

Referring now to the platen-frame-locking devices, which carry the camsfor actuating the scale in one direction, it will be seen by aninspection of Fig. 6 that when the platencarrieris up in non-workingposition and with its stop-pin 9 against the back stop-screw 10 theplaten-carrier cannot be shifted forward, so that said pin will strikethe front stop-screw 10 by reason of the fact that the screw-pin 29occupies the hole or recess 28 in the bottom plate 22 of the saidlocking device; but when the platen-carrier is turned down to ahorizontal working condition the forked part S of the end bar strikesagainst a forwardly-projecting lug 40 on said locking device, as shownat Fig. 5, and causes the same to vibrate about its pivot, lifting therear perforated end sufficiently to disengage it from the locking-pin29, and while the parts are in this condition the platen may be shiftedfreely for upper and lower case printing. In the position of theplaten-carrier rocker-arms 6 at Figs. 5 and 6 the platencarrier is heldnormally in upper-case printing position by means of the usualshiftingspring mechanism, not shown 5) but when the said mechanism isactuated to bring the platen-carrier normally into lower-case printingposition the said rocker-arms are vibrated and the pivot-pin 9 is causedto press normally against the front stop-screw 10, and in this shiftingmovement the locking devices are of course carried forward with theplatencarrier, and the holes or recesses 27 therein are brought intooperative relation with the locking-pins 29, fixed in the mainnon-shifting carriage, so that when the platen-carrier is turned up fromits normal lower-case printing position the holes or recesses 27 engagethe upper ends of the locking-pins and prevent the platen-carrier fromaccidentally shifting rearwardly at such time, and of course when theplaten-carrier is turned down again to its Working position the said endbars 8 again strike upon the projections 40 and lift the locking devicesout of engagement with said pins, thus leaving the carriage free to beshifted back and forth as before, the slots 25 in the locking-platespermitting them to shift back and forth with the platen-carrier. One orthe other of the holes 27 28 is always in line with the locking-pin 29in either of the two shifting positions of the platen-carrier, and hencethe instant the platen-carrier is lifted to be turned up and its weightis removed from the projection 40 the locking device drops by gravityand is engaged by the said pin 29, thus eifectually holding theplatencarrier from any shifting movement during the entire turning upand down of said carriage. The cams 21 being fixed to the pivyoted andsliding locking devices have therefore a fixed relation to the ends ofthe scalesupporting arms 16 in either of the shifted positions of theplaten-carrier, so that the said arms and cams may work together to movethe scale toward the printing-point in both the lower-case andupper-case positions of the platen-carrier.

Various changes in detail construction and arrangement may of course bemade without departing from the gist of my several improvements,especially where the invention is adapted to other styles or makes ofmachines.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage, a platenthereon, and a platen-scale which moves longitudinally with the carriageand which also moves transversely to the printing-point when the platenis turned to a non-working position, of springs for automaticallyretracting said scale during the turning back of the platen to itsworking position.

2. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a carriage, a platenthereon adapted to be turned from its working position to a nonworkingposition, a platen-scale constructed to move longitudinally with saidplaten,y

means for moving said scale independently of said platen away from aposition on said platen IOO l'IO

` out of register with the impression-point and to out of registerwiththe impression-point to ay position on said scale in register withthe impression-point when the platen is turned from its Working to itsnon-working position.

4. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a longitudinallytraveling platen adapted to be moved from a Working to a non- Workingposition, a platenscale traveling longitudinally with the carriage andprovided at its ends withl arms, supports for said arms, and cams foractuating said arms and mov' ing said scale when the platen is turned toa non-Working positiomaway from a position on said platen out ofregister with the impression-point and to a position on said platen inregister with the impression-point.

5. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a platen adapted to beturned from a working to a non-working position, a platenscale providedat its ends With arms, cams for moving said arms and scale in onedirection, and springs for moving them in the opposite direction.

6. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a platen adapted to beturned from a Working to a non-working position, a platenscale,a pair ofendwise-movable arms attached to said scale, and a pair of cams foracting on said arms.

7. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a platen adapted to beturned from a Working to a non-Working position, a pair of slotted arms,supports therefor, a platen-scale connected to the inner ends of saidarms, and a pair of cams for operating upon the outer ends of said arms.

8. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a platen adapted to bemoved from a Working to a non-working position, a pair of slotted arms,supports therefor, a platen-scale attached to the inner ends of saidarms, cams for acting on the outer ends thereof, and a pair ofretracting-springs.

9. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shiftingplaten-carrier, a platen mounted therein and adapted to be turned from aWorking to a non-working position, a platen-scale provided atits endswith arms, and cams for actuating said arms mounted on and shiftablewith said platen-carrier, so as to always occupy the same relativeposition to said arms whether the platen-carrier be in upper-case orlower-case position.

10. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of alongitudinally-traveling platen adapted to be turned from aworkingtoanonworking position, a platen-scale traveling longitudinally with saidplaten, means for automatically moving said scale to and from theimpression-point during the turning of the platen from and to itsworking position, a paper guide or deiiector, and means for guiding theleading end of the paper over the space between the edge of the delectorand the edge of the scale when the platen is in its non-workingposition.

11. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a platen adapted to beturned from a working to a non-working position, a fixed deflector, ascale having an independent movement away from said deiiector and towardthe printing-point when the platen is turned to a non-workin g positionand provided with a depending guide which overlaps said deiiector at alltimes and prevents the paper from passing between the said deflector andthe said scale when the latter is at the printing-point in thenon-working position ot' the platen.

12. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a platen, aplaten-scale movable transversely over said platen and screws foradjusting the scale to the desired distance from the surface of theplaten.

13. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a platen, a deflector,a scale movable transversely over said platen, a pair of arms supportingthe same, and screws for adjusting the scale the desired distance fromthe sur- .face of the platen.

14. In a type-writing machine, the `combination of a pivoted andshifting platen-carrier and a locking device pivoted to saidplatencarrier and comprising a doubly perforated or recessed plateadapted to automatically engage a single relatively iiXed locking-pin ineach of the two portions of the platen.

15. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a pivoted and shiftingplaten-carrier, and a locking device pivoted to said platencarrier'andcomprising a doubly perforated or recessed plate adapted to a singlerelatively fixed locking-pin and having a projection adapted to be actedupon by the platencarrier to disengage said plate from the locking-pin.

16. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a carriage having alocking-pin and a guide-pin, a pivoted and shifting platencarrier, and aslotted and perforated or recessed plate pivoted on said carrier andhaving a forward projection.

17. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a pivoted and shiftingplaten-carrier, a platen, a platen-scale supported at its ends by arms,a pair of locking devices pivoted on said platen-carrier and comprisingeach a horizontal slotted and perforated plate, a forward projection avertical stop member and a cam, said cam being constructed to coact withsaid scale-arms to move said scale and IOO IIO

a main carriage or truck provided with a pair of locking-pins and a pairot" guide-pins for said locking devices.

18. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen and alongitudinallytraveling platen-frame so constructed and arranged as toexhibit the line of writing in front of the platen,ofascale mounted uponthe platen-frame and bearing normally against the platen and in rear ofthe printing-line, means for moving said scale upwardlyin front of theplaten from its said rearmost position thereon into register with theprinting-line, and a spring for moving said scale downwardly away fromsaid printing-line.

19. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen and alongitudinallytraveling platen-frame so constructed and arranged as toexhibit the line of writing in front of the platen, of a platen-scale,cam mechanism for moving said scale upwardly in front of said plateninto register with said printingline, and spring mechanism for returningsaid scale downwardly away from said printing-line.

20. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen and acarriage, of a platen-scale supported on the carriage and normallyresting close to the platen so that the paper as it feeds toward theimpressionpoint passes between the scale and the platen and said scalealso normally resting far enough in rear of the printing-point to enablethe types to clear it, and means for moving said scale forwardtransversely and into register with the printing-line upon the platen.

2l. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen andacarriage, of a scale supported upon the carriage in proximity to theplaten but away from the printing-center so as to clear the types andalso arranged between the point of introduction of the paper and theprinting-line, and means for moving said scale widthwise or in adirection substantially circumferentially of the platen to a position inregister with the printing-line upon the platen.

22. In a type-writing machine, the combination of alongitudinally-traveling frame, a platen journaled in said frame, ascale supported upon said frame close to the platen and normallyarranged away from the printing-line upon the platen and between theprinting-line and the point of introduction of the paper, and means formoving said scale widthwise to a position in register with saidprinting-line and holding it there.

23. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage, of aframe movable independently of said carriage but travelinglongitudinally therewith, a platen journaled in saidindependently-movable frame, a scale supported upon said platen-frameand arranged close to the platen butout of the path of the types, andmeans for moving said scale transversely to a position in register withthe printing-line upon the platen and holding it there.

24. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage, of atilting frame attached thereto, a platen supported upon said tiltingframe, a scale also supported upon said tilting frame and resting closeto the platen back of the printing-point, and means operated by saidtilting frame for moving said scale widthwise and into register with theprinting-line upon the platen.

25. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a main carriage ortruck and a platen-carrier hinged in rear thereof and constructed toswing upwardly and rearwardly about its hinge to expose the line ofWriting, of a scale arranged close to the platen and back of theprinting-point and so mounted that it may be moved widthwise upwardlyinfront of the platen and into register with said exposed line of writingand downwardly away from said exposed line.

26. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a main carriage ortruck and a platen-carrier hinged in rear thereto and constructed toswing upwardly and rearwardly about its hinge to expose the line ofwriting, of a scale arranged close to the platen, and cam mechanismcontrolled by said platencarrier for moving said scale upwardly in frontof said platen into register with the printing-line thereon anddownwardly away from said printing-line.

27. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a main carriage ortruck of a pivoted and shifting platen-carrier, a pair of lockingdevices pivoted on said carrier and each comprising a horizontal slottedand perforated plate, a forward projection and a vertical stop member,and a pair of guiding-pins provided upon said carriage or truck for saidlocking devices.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, this 18th day of October, A. D. 1897.

WALTER J. BARRON.

Witnesses:

JACOB FELBEL, ETHEL WELLs.

IOO

